neuronal vesicles

A recently published article by researchers from the IHNA&NPh RAS and the Moscow Research and Clinical Center for Neuropsychiatry raises new and interesting questions in the study of small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in human blood. Previously, the team, using four different methods, had shown significant increase in the concentration of sEVs in the blood of patients with depression compared to healthy volunteers, and the followed work was intended to clarify the source of these “extra” vesicles in depression. In addition, the authors compared sEVs content in the blood of patients with a wide range of pathologies, including epilepsy, epilepsy with depression, bipolar affective disorder with a current depressive episode, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures with depression. Small EVs were isolated from patient serum using gel filtration or polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, and both methods showed very similar results. It turned out that in patients with depression, epilepsy, or epilepsy with depression, the total level of mBB in the blood is increased by up to two times compared to healthy volunteers. The authors of the work were able to go further and isolate the fraction of sEVs of neuronal origin (in the blood this is approximately every one hundred and fiftieth vesicle) in these patients, but no difference in the concentration of neuronal sEVs was found between any groups. The question of where the “extra” sEVs in the patients’ blood came from remains open. The authors suggest that the source of these sEVs are immune cells. However, the authors did discover at least one new finding that sheds light on the biogenesis of sEVs. It turned out that sEVs in the serum of both patients and healthy volunteers contain various lysosomal enzymes - and this is a hint that the contents of sEVs may reflect the state of the intracellular endolysosomal system.